Mass+Society

===//1.Have you ever thought about ways to improve society? 1- What are some areas of society that need improvement? 2- What are your ideas for improving these areas of society? //=== //-I honestly don't know how I'd change society, but we need to improve things such as; test scores, and some laws should be changed in a way that they help those who are innocent or protecting themselves. For example, in CA you're not allowed to pull a gun on a person who is walking into your property or breaking into your house, what if this person is a real threat? How is the resident suppose to protect himself/herself? //

===//2. By 1900, Europe was divided into two economic zones. One zone was highly industrialized, and the other was still largely agricultural. 3- Identify the countries or regions that made up each zone. //=== //-Europe was divided into two economic zones. Great Britain, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Germany, the western part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and northern Italy made up an advanced industrialized zone. The agricultural zonw was made up southern Italy, most of Austria-Hungary, Spain, Portugal, the Balkan kingdoms, and Russia. //

//4. How was the Second Industrial Revolution different from the first Industrial Revolution? //
//-Steel was used instead of iron and rather than textiles, chemicals, electricity & petroleum were the main focus of production. //

//5. What was the main difference in the beliefs of pure Marxists and revisionists? //
//-Pure Marxists wanted to overthrow capitalism by a violent revolution. Other Marxists, called revisionists, disagreed. They believed that workers must continue to organize in mass political parties and even work with other parties to gain reforms. Another movement to improve workers’ rights focused on the trade union, or labor union. In Great Britain, unions won the right to strike in the 1870s. // === // ** 7. Have you ever thought what your life would be like if you were unable to read? What problems would you have? How would this affect your ability to find a job? ** // === //-If I was unable to read life would be much more difficult, communication would have to be completely oral, and I wouldn't learn some things that I have from books. It would make it more difficult to find a job because of the common use of computers in the workplace. //

===//8. List the groups or occupations that made up the elite, the middle classes, and the working classes in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. //=== //-The elite were people that obtained an occupation in a profession such as bankers & industrialists, the middle class in trades as doctors and lawyers, and the lower working class typically were small shop keepers and prosperous peasants. //

//9. What changes were made in cities in the nineteenth century to improve the public health? //
//-Homes were inspected for health hazards, living conditions improved, sanitation and cleanliness were a large concern & buildings were given regulations for running water and drainage to match up to. //

//10. In what ways did the lives of urban workers improve after 1870? //
//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-Living conditions improved and wages went up for them. This allowed them to purchase better clothes and food as well as afford to take part in leisure activities. //

//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">11. How did the Second Industrial Revolution open the door to new jobs for women? //
//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-The requirement for both boys and girls to attend elementary school between the ages of six and twelve allowed women to become more educated, this allowed them to work in the nursing and teaching fields, as well as working for the railways, and post offices. //

//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">12. What were the two main reasons that Western nations made a commitment to public education? //
//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-Industrialization needed for more people to be educated, the new firms required skilled laborers. the second was politics, educating people meant educated voters, which was important when more citizens were allowed to vote. // === //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 81%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> 13. Have you ever thought what your life would be like if you had been born in a different country? What do you think would affect you more— the difference in economics or the difference in political systems? ** // === //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-I have thought about this, because I have friends in different countries and I have been able to see how their lives are different than ours. I think the difference in political systems would be the most difficult, in a lot of countries people do not have as many rights or as much freedom as we do. //

//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">14. By 1907, Europe was divided into two opposing camps. List the countries in each of the two alliances. //
//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-The Germans, Russians, and French allied against the Germans & the British. // == //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 81%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> 15. What reforms did the Liberal Party make in Great Britain to keep the support of the workers? ** // == //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-To keep the support of the workers, the Liberals voted for a series of social reforms. The National Insurance Act of 1911 provided benefits for workers in case of sickness and unemployment. //

//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">15. Why did conservative forces in Germany support a strong foreign policy? //
//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-Germany had become the strongest power in Europe. Demands for democracy increased. Conservative forces in Germany tried to block the movement for democracy by supporting a strong foreign policy. //

=== // **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">16. What land did the United States acquire in the late nineteenth century? ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 81%;"> -Hawaii, and in the same year, the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War. As a result, the United States acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. // ===

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//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 81%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> 17. What sequence of events led to the formation of the Triple Entente? ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> // // **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">- ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 81%;">The Triple Alliance of 1882 united Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy in a defensive alliance against France. At the same time, Bismarck had a separate treaty with Russia and tried to remain on good terms with Great Britain. In 1890, Emperor William II fired Bismarck and took con- trol of Germany’s foreign policy. He dropped the treaty with Russia. This brought France and Russia together. In 1894, they formed a military alliance. // ===== <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">

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// **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">18. What tensions existed in Europe at the beginning of 1914? ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> // //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 81%;">-William II of Germany demanded that the Russians accept Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina or face war with Germany. The Russians backed down, but two wars between Balkan states in 1912 and 1913 created more tensions between the great powers. The Serbians blamed Austria-Hungary for their failure to create a large Serbian kingdom. Austria-Hungary was convinced that Serbia was a threat to its empire and must be crushed. As Serbia’s chief supporters, the Russians were angry and determined not to back down again. The allies of Austria- Hungary and Russia were determined to support their allies more strongly in another crisis. By the beginning of 1914, most of the countries of Europe viewed each other with suspicion. // =====

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//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 81%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;"> 19. Do you like modern art? Who is your favorite artist? Is there a particular movement that you are especially interested in? ** //===== //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-I do like modern art, I think it actually takes more imagination to create a modern piece. My favorite artist would have to be Da Vinci, but my favorite movement would have to be Impressionism. //

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//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 81%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">20. How did Einstein’s theory of relativity change people’s view of the universe? ** //===== //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-People originally thought that the universe was thought to be made up of objective powers independent from the people that observe them. Edison made people believe that time and space aren't absolute but are relative to the people observing. //

// **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">21. Why did so many Jews decide to emigrate around the turn of the century? ** //
//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">-The worst treatment of Jews at the turn of the century occurred in eastern Europe, where a majority of the world’s Jews lived. Russian Jews were forced to live in certain regions of the country. Persecutions and pogroms (organized massacres) were widespread. Hundreds of thousands of Jews decided to emigrate (move to another country) to escape the persecution. Many went to the United States. Some went to Palestine, the land of ancient Israel. Palestine became home for a Jewish nationalist movement called Zionism. Settlement in Palestine was difficult because it was part of the Ottoman Empire and the Ottomans opposed Jewish immigration. Even so, about 3,000 Jews went annually to Palestine between 1904 and 1914. //

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// **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">22. How did photography contribute to the decline of realism in painting? - ** // //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 90%;">The spread of photography was one important reason for the decline of realism painting. Now, anyone could take a photograph that looked exactly like the subject. Artists began to realize that their strength was not in copying reality, but in creating reality. // =====