Early+Civilizations


 * // __Step 1__ //**


 * //civilization//**
 * the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced

//**patriarchal**//
 * relating to, or characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by me


 * //pharaoh//**
 * a ruler in ancient Egypt


 * //Judaism//**
 * the monotheistic religion of the Jews


 * //monotheistic//**
 * the doctrine or belief that there is only one God


 * covenant**
 * an agreement


 * //prophets//**
 * a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God


 * //caste system//**
 * A social structure in which classes are determined for heredity


 * //Hinduism//**
 * a major religious and cultural tradition of the Indian subcontinent, developed from Vedic religion


 * //Buddhism//**
 * a widespread Asian religion or philosophy, founded by Siddartha Gautama in northeastern India in the 5th century bc.


 * //Confucianism//**
 * a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.


 * // __Step 2__ //**


 * //Where was Mesopotamia located?//**
 * between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, where modern-day Iraq is.


 * //Which people had the most power in the Sumerian city-states?//**
 * The priest -king


 * //What two empires gained control of the Sumerian city-states?//**


 * //What principle was the basis for many of the laws in Hammurabi’s code?//**


 * //What was the Egyptian belief of “divine kingship?”//**


 * // __Step 3__ //**


 * //polis//**
 * city state


 * //tyrant//**
 * Somebody that took control by force or by the power of their own hand


 * //democracy//**
 * a system of government by the whole population or all the __//**eligible**//__ members of a state, typically through elected representatives


 * //oligarchy//**
 * a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution


 * //direct democracy//**
 * comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein sovereignty is lodged in the assembly of all citizens who choose to participate


 * //philosophy//**
 * the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, esp. when considered as an academic discipline


 * //Socratic method//**
 * is a form of inquiry and debate between individuals with opposing viewpoints based on asking and answering questions to stimulate rational thinking and to illuminate ideas


 * // __Step 4__ //**


 * Powerful City-States**
 * athens
 * sparta


 * //Greek Philosophers//**
 * Plato
 * Socrates
 * Aristotle


 * // __Step 5__ //**


 * //What were the three different types of residents in a polis?//**


 * //What is the Socratic method?//**


 * //Notes://**

Royalty---Tyranny Aristocracy---Oligarchy Constitutional Government---Democracy

Productive Which represents the abdomen. (Workers) — the labourers, carpenters, plumbers, masons, merchants, farmers, ranchers, etc. These correspond to the "appetite" part of the soul. Protective Which represents the chest. (Warriors or Guardians) — those who are adventurous, strong and brave; in the armed forces. These correspond to the "spirit" part of the soul. Governing Which represents the head. (Rulers or Philosopher Kings) — those who are intelligent, rational, self-controlled, in love with wisdom, well suited to make decisions for the community. These correspond to the "reason" part of the soul and are very few.


 * // __Step 6__ //**


 * //republic//**
 * a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch


 * //patrician//**
 * an aristocrat or nobleman

//**plebeian**//
 * (in ancient Rome) a commoner

//**Senate**//
 * any of various legislative or governing bodies


 * Christianity**
 * the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices


 * //Catholic Church//**
 * short for Roman Catholic Church, the part of the Christian Church that acknowledges the pope as its head, esp. as it has developed since the Reformation


 * // __Step 7__ //**

List three reasons that Christianity was able to attract so many followers.

__**// Step 8 //**__


 * //How did the Twelve Tables differ from the Law of Nations?//**


 * //What were some of the administrative achievements of the Roman Empire?//**

People find comfort in religion, and for some it is the answer to why we are here. Christinityalso offers hope for immortality.
 * //What attracted people to Christianity?//**


 * // __Step 9__ //**


 * //Islam//**
 * the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.


 * //feudalism//**
 * the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.


 * //common law//**
 * the part of English law that is derived from custom and judicial precedent rather than statutes


 * //Magna Carta//**
 * a charter of liberty and political rights obtained from King John of England by his rebellious barons at Runnymede in 1215, which came to be seen as the seminal document of English constitutional practice.


 * The person in charge of feudalism is land owners!

magna carta- first time people actually took hold an defined the relationship of the king and every body else


 * // __Step 10__ //**


 * //How did Islam help to unite the regions of the Middle East?//**

feudalism
 * //What system replaced centralized power in Europe in the Middle Ages?//**

gets rid of regional rules and standards
 * //What was the benefit of instituting the common law?//**

gothic churches, monasteries, universities
 * //What were some of the developments of the High Middle Ages?//**

europe was divided into two faiths, catholic and protestant
 * //What was the effect of the Reformation on religious life in Europe?//**


 * // __Step 11__ //**

**//Divine Kingship vs. Mandate of Heaven//**

Divine kingship is a concept were when picking a king, it goes by blood line, and money. Most when they become kings are focused how much control and how far does it reach. To the people they rule they are look at with supernatural or divine power, or treated as if they are a god. It is relatively easy to take make a claim of divine kingship. Also if you are unhappy will with the king’s rule, it’s follow or be killed. On the other hand the Mandate of Heaven if the people are unhappy with the ruler, they can easily switch him out, and it can not always because of your rule, it might be become the people simply don’t like you. In the Mandate of Heaven you are chosen by how you believe the rules should be handled, and wiether or not you are able to rule.


 * // Modern Plague

The black plague of 1347, it killed over 1/3rd of Europe’s population. That’s 20 million people, it started out small, than carried by fleas, but one good question is, could the H1N1 virus become the new black plague. People were desperate for the cure, just like today. Even enough H1N1 is not as strong as the plague, there are chance that it could evolve, and it’s spreading so quickly. The plague hit North Africa, mainland Italy, Spain, England, and France, than Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Germany, and the low countries. Europe right now is a hot spot for the H1N1 virus, and it’s spread down to South America, and even some cases in North America. Over 10,000 people in North America alone have been affected by the H1N1 virus in the past 2 years. This could be a sign that our society is on the path as it was 500 years ago. While children and the elderly are the main people being affected, and many cases of them even dying, people in their 20’s are becoming very ill. If this is a sign that this is the new plague, the question is, will we be able to stop it? //**